NMC Mandate Enrolment of Medical Colleges as ADR monitoring centers under PvPI
Aiming to uplift regulatory standards for the overall collection, analysis and monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) from the Public, National Medical Commission (NMC) has directed all medical colleges, standalone PG Institutions to enrol themselves as Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centers with the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) under the Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) at the earliest.
Indian Pharmacopoeia is functioning as the National Co-ordination Centre, Pharmacovigilance Programme of India to collect, analyse and monitor the adverse drug reactions from the Indian population to promote Patient Safety and Safeguard the health of patients by ensuring that the benefits of the use of medicines outweigh the risk associated with its use
The collected ADRs data is a significant source of evidence of recommendations of regulatory interventions regarding the safety of medicines to the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO)
In order to achieve the above objective, IPC has so far enrolled 652 Adverse Drug Monitoring Centres (AMCs).
In the 22 nd Meeting of the Governing Body of India Pharmacopoeia Commission held on 14.10.2022 under the chairmanship of the Secretary (HFW) it has been decided that all Medical colleges/ hospitals under the National Medical Commission should also be enrolled as AMCs with IPC.
Accordingly, all Medical colleges/hospitals under the National Medical Commission are directed to get themselves enrolled with Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) as AMCs at the earliest.
Virtual Training on Pharmacovigilance for NABH Accredited Hospitals was conducted by IPC – Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission , recently to create an awareness on Pharmacovigilance and Reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).This write up prepared is based on the training given by IPC Team and various experts like Dr. Jai Prakash Officer-in-Charge, PvPI, Mr Prashant Paschal, Assistant Director NABHQCI New Delhi, Dr. Vandana Roy AMC Coordinator MAMC-New Delhi, Dr. Rahul Shukla AMC Coordinator Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital, Kaushambi, Ghaziabad and my own search from various sources.
Pharmaceutical medicines are designed to cure, prevent or treat diseases; however, no medicine is without side effects and there are also risks particularly adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which can cause serious harm to patients.
It is been reported that adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are poorly reported in developing country including India. It is estimated that only 2-4% of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are reported and only 10% of serious adverse drug reactions are reported world wide.
Pharmacovigilance (PV) plays a key role in the healthcare system through assessment, monitoring and discovery of interactions amongst drugs and their effects in human and helps in to reduce the harm to future patients.
What is ADR:
The World Health Organization defines an ADR as “any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological function.”
In addition to Drugs the vaccines, Medical Devices, Biosimilars, Diagnostic Agents are considered for ADR.
Classification of ADR:
Adverse drug reactions are classified into six types (with mnemonics):
Type A :dose-related (Augmented), Type B : non-dose-related (Bizarre), Type C : dose-related and time-related (Chronic), Type D : time-related (Delayed), Type E :withdrawal (End of use), Type F : failure of therapy (Failure).
A simple and common method of classifying ADRs is to divide them into two types – Type A and Type B. This is also known as the Rawlins–Thompson classification.
Patients taking medication from specific classes like –
Anti diabetics and Hypoglycemic Agents
Cardiovascular Drugs
Psychotropic Drugs
Anticonvulsants
Antineoplastic
Corticosteroids
Reporting of ADR:
All healthcare professionals (clinicians, dentists, pharmacists, nurses) and patient/consumers can report ADRs to National Coordination Centre (NCC) or Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centres (AMC).There are around 34 AMC centers in India. The pharmaceutical companies can also send individual case safety reports for their product to NCC.
Suspected ADR reporting forms for healthcare professionals and consumers are available on the website of IPC to report ADR. To remove language barrier in ADR reporting, the consumer reporting form are made available in 10 vernacular languages (Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, Gujarati, Assamese, Marathi, Oriya, and Malayalam). ADRs can be also reported via PvPI helpline number (18001803024) on weekdays from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm.The mobile Android application for ADR reporting has also been made available to the public.
There are many methods to analyze the ADR the most acceptable method is The WHO-UMC causality criteria.
The WHO-UMC causality criteria [WHO].
Causality
Conditions (all conditions need to be complied with for each causality criterion)
Certain
Event/laboratory test abnormality with plausible time relationship to intake of a drug Cannot be explained by disease or other drugs Response to withdrawal plausible Event definitive pharmacologically or phenomenologically Rechallenge satisfactory, if necessary
Probable
Event or laboratory test abnormality, with reasonable time relationship to drug intake Unlikely to be attributed to disease or other drugs Response to withdrawal clinically reasonable Rechallenge not required
Possible
Event or laboratory test abnormality, with reasonable time relationship to drug intake Could also be explained by disease or other drugs Information on drug withdrawal may be lacking or unclear
Unlikely
Event or laboratory test abnormality, with a time to drug intake that makes a relationship improbable Disease or other drugs provide plausible explanations
Conditional/ unclassified
Event or laboratory test abnormality More data for proper assessment needed, or Additional data under examination
Unassessable/ unclassifiable
Report suggesting an adverse reaction Cannot be judged because information is insufficient or contradictory Data cannot be supplemented or verified
How to make the Hospital Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Centres (AMC):
The Hospital can send letter of intent to INDIAN PHARMACOPOEIA COMMISSION. National Coordination Centre – Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (NCC-PvPI),MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA SECTOR-23, RAJ NAGAR, GHAZIABAD- 201 002. Tel No: 0120- 2783392, 2783400, 2783401, Fax: 0120-2783311 e-mail: pvpi.ipc@gov.in, lab.ipc@gov.in, Web: www.ipc.gov.in
